{"id":2821,"date":"2013-08-22T14:12:06","date_gmt":"2013-08-22T05:12:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/auctionpro.co.kr\/?p=2821"},"modified":"2017-12-06T16:48:20","modified_gmt":"2017-12-06T07:48:20","slug":"changing-file-permissions-wordpress-codex","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.auctionpro.co.kr\/?p=2821","title":{"rendered":"Changing File Permissions \u00ab WordPress Codex"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\ucc38\uc870 : https:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Changing_File_Permissions<\/p>\n<p>On computer filesystems, different files and directories have\u00a0<strong>permissions<\/strong>\u00a0that specify who and what can read, write, modify and access them. This is important because WordPress may need access to write to files in your\u00a0<code>wp-content<\/code>\u00a0directory to enable certain functions.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"Permission_Modes\" name=\"Permission_Modes\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Permission Modes<\/h2>\n<pre>  7       5     5\r\n user   group  world\r\n r+w+x  r+x    r+x\r\n 4+2+1  4+0+1  4+0+1  = 755<\/pre>\n<p>The permission mode is computed by adding up the following values for the user, the file group, and for everyone else. The diagram shows how.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>R<\/b>ead 4 &#8211; Allowed to read files<\/li>\n<li><b>W<\/b>rite 2 &#8211; Allowed to write\/modify files<\/li>\n<li>e<b>X<\/b>ecute1 &#8211; Read\/write\/delete\/modify\/directory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>  7       4      4\r\n user   group  world\r\n r+w+x    r      r\r\n 4+2+1  4+0+0  4+0+0  = 744<\/pre>\n<p><a id=\"Example_Permission_Modes\" name=\"Example_Permission_Modes\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Example Permission Modes<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#eee\">\n<th><b>Mode<\/b><\/th>\n<th><b>Str Perms<\/b><\/th>\n<th><b>Explanation<\/b><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0477<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-r&#8211;rwxrwx<\/td>\n<td>owner has read only (4), other and group has rwx (7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0677<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-rw-rwxrwx<\/td>\n<td>owner has rw only(6), other and group has rwx (7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0444<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-r&#8211;r&#8211;r&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>all have read only (4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0666<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-rw-rw-rw-<\/td>\n<td>all have rw only (6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0400<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-r&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>owner has read only(4), group and others have no permission(0)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0600<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-rw&#8212;&#8212;-<\/td>\n<td>owner has rw only, group and others have no permission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0470<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-r&#8211;rwx&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>owner has read only, group has rwx, others have no permission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0407<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-r&#8212;&#8211;rwx<\/td>\n<td>owner has read only, other has rwx, group has no permission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0670<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-rw-rwx&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>owner has rw only, group has rwx, others have no permission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>0607<\/b><\/td>\n<td>-rw&#8212;-rwx<\/td>\n<td>owner has rw only, group has no permission and others have rwx<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<caption>See full list\u00a0<a title=\"http:\/\/www.askapache.com\/security\/chmod-stat.html#chmod-0-to-7777\" href=\"http:\/\/www.askapache.com\/security\/chmod-stat.html#chmod-0-to-7777\">0000 to 0777<\/a>.<\/caption>\n<\/table>\n<p><a id=\"Permission_Scheme_for_WordPress\" name=\"Permission_Scheme_for_WordPress\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Permission Scheme for WordPress<\/h2>\n<p>Permissions will be different from host to host, so this guide only details general principles. It cannot cover all cases. This guide applies to servers running a standard setup (note, for shared hosting using &#8220;suexec&#8221; methods, see below).<\/p>\n<p>Typically, all files should be owned by your user (ftp) account on your web server, and should be writable by that account. On shared hosts, files should never be owned by the webserver process itself (sometimes this is\u00a0<b>www<\/b>, or\u00a0<b>apache<\/b>, or<b>nobody<\/b>\u00a0user).<\/p>\n<p>Any file that needs write access from WordPress should be owned or group-owned by the user account used by the WordPress (which may be different than the server account). For example, you may have a user account that lets you FTP files back and forth to your server, but your server itself may run using a separate user, in a separate usergroup, such as<b>dhapache<\/b>\u00a0or\u00a0<b>nobody<\/b>. If WordPress is running as the FTP account, that account needs to have write access, i.e., be the owner of the files, or belong to a group that has write access. In the latter case, that would mean permissions are set more permissively than default (for example, 775 rather than 755 for folders, and 664 instead of 644).<\/p>\n<p>The file and folder permissions of WordPress should be the same for most users, depending on the type of installation you performed and the umask settings of your system environment at the time of install.<\/p>\n<div><b>NOTE:<\/b>\u00a0If you installed WordPress yourself, you likely do not need to modify file permissions. Unless you are experiencing problems with permission errors, or you\u00a0<i>want to<\/i>, you probably should not mess with this.<\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Template:Note 2 (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/index.php?title=Template:Note_2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Template:Note 2<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Typically, all core WordPress files should be writable only by your user account (or the httpd account, if different). (Sometimes though, multiple ftp accounts are used to manage an install, and if all ftp users are known and trusted, i.e., not a shared host, then assigning group writable may be appropriate. Ask your server admin for more info.) However, if you utilize mod_rewrite Permalinks or other .htaccess features you should make sure that WordPress can also write to your\u00a0<code>\/.htaccess<\/code>\u00a0file.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to use the built-in theme editor, all files need to be group writable. Try using it before modifying file permissions, it should work. (This may be true if different users uploaded the WordPress package and the Plugin or Theme. This wouldn&#8217;t be a problem for Plugin and Themes installed via the admin. When uploading files with different ftp users group writable is needed. On shared hosting, make sure the group is exclusive to users you trust&#8230; the apache user shouldn&#8217;t be in the group and shouldn&#8217;t own files.)<\/p>\n<p>Some plugins require the \/wp-content\/ folder be made writeable, but in such cases they will let you know during installation. In some cases, this may require assigning 755 permissions. The same is true for\u00a0<code>\/wp-content\/cache\/<\/code>\u00a0and maybe\u00a0<code>\/wp-content\/uploads\/<\/code>\u00a0(if you&#8217;re using\u00a0<a title=\"MultiSite\" href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/MultiSite\">MultiSite<\/a>\u00a0you may also need to do this for\u00a0<code>\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/<\/code>)<\/p>\n<p>Additional directories under \/wp-content\/ should be documented by whatever plugin \/ theme requires them. Permissions will vary.<\/p>\n<pre>\/   \r\n|- index.php\r\n|- wp-admin\r\n|   `- wp-admin.css\r\n|- wp-blog-header.php\r\n|- wp-comments-post.php\r\n|- wp-commentsrss2.php\r\n|- wp-config.php\r\n|- wp-content\r\n|   |- cache\r\n|   |- plugins\r\n|   |- themes\r\n|   `- uploads\r\n|- wp-cron.php\r\n|- wp-includes\r\n`- xmlrpc.php<\/pre>\n<p><a id=\"Shared_Hosting_with_suexec\" name=\"Shared_Hosting_with_suexec\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Shared Hosting with suexec<\/h3>\n<p>The above may not apply to shared hosting systems that use the &#8220;suexec&#8221; approach for running PHP binaries. This is a popular approach used by many web hosts. For these systems, the php process runs as the owner of the php files themselves, allowing for a simpler configuration and a more secure environment for the specific case of shared hosting.<\/p>\n<p>Note: suexec methods should NEVER be used on a single-site server configuration, they are more secure\u00a0<b>only<\/b>\u00a0for the specific case of shared hosting.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">In such an suexec configuration, the correct permissions scheme is simple to understand.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">All files should be owned by the actual user&#8217;s account, not the user account used for the httpd process.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Group ownership is irrelevant, unless there&#8217;s specific group requirements for the web-server process permissions checking. This is not usually the case.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">All directories should be 755 or 750. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\ubaa8\ub4e0\ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub294 755 \ub610\ub294 750 \uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">All files should be 644 or 640. Exception: wp-config.php should be 600 to prevent other users on the server from reading it. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">( wp-config.php \uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc77d\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d 600\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc678 \ud30c\uc77c\uc740 644 \ub610\ub294 640\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.)<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">No directories should ever be given 777, even upload directories. Since the php process is running as the owner of the files, it gets the owners permissions and can write to even a 755 directory.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\uc5c5\ub85c\ub4dc \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub77c \ud574\ub3c4 \uad8c\ud55c\uc740 \u00a0777\ub85c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\uc57c \u00a0\ud55c\ub2e4.PHP \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uac00 \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc18c\uc720\uc790 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uc5bb\uace0 755 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc791\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. = \uc5c5\ub85c\ub4dc\ub294 755\ub85c \uc900\ub2e4. )<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"toolbar-overlay:false lang:vim decode:true \" title=\"wordpress \" >\r\n\/var\/www\/wordpress \uacbd\ub85c \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \ucc3e\uc544 chmod 755 \ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\r\nsudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/wordpress\r\n(sudo find \/var\/www\/wordpress -type d -print0 | sudo xargs -0 chmod 755)\r\n\r\n\/var\/www\/wordpress \uacbd\ub85c \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c \ucc3e\uc544 chmod 644 \ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\r\nsudo chmod -R 644 \/var\/www\/wordpress\r\n(sudo find \/var\/www\/wordpress -type f -print0 | sudo xargs -0 chmod 644)<\/pre>\n<p>\uc18c\uc720\uc790 \ubcc0\uacbd<br \/>\nsudo chown -R user:user \/var\/www\/wordpress<\/p>\n<p>\uc140\ubcc0\uacbd<br \/>\nsudo chsh -s \/bin\/sh user<\/p>\n<p>\ud648\ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \ubcc0\uacbd<br \/>\nusermod -d \/var\/www\/ user<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"Using_an_FTP_Client\" name=\"Using_an_FTP_Client\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Using an FTP Client<\/h2>\n<p><a title=\"FTP Clients\" href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/FTP_Clients\">FTP programs<\/a>\u00a0(&#8220;clients&#8221;) allow you to set permissions for files and directories on your remote host. This function is often called\u00a0<code>chmod<\/code>\u00a0or\u00a0<code>set permissions<\/code>\u00a0in the program menu.<\/p>\n<p>In a\u00a0<a title=\"Installing WordPress\" href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Installing_WordPress\">WordPress install<\/a>, two files that you will probably want to alter are the index page, and the css which controls\u00a0<a title=\"Blog Design and Layout\" href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Blog_Design_and_Layout\">the layout<\/a>. Here&#8217;s how you change index.php &#8211;\u00a0<i>the process is the same for any file<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>In the screenshot below, look at the last column &#8211; that shows the permissions. It looks a bit confusing, but for now just note the sequence of letters.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"Initial permissions\" href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/File:podz_filezilla_12.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/images\/0\/0a\/podz_filezilla_12.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"42\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/File:podz_filezilla_12.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Initial permissions<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Right-click &#8216;index.php&#8217; and select &#8216;File Permissions&#8217;<br \/>\nA popup screen will appear.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Altering file permissions\" href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/File:podz_filezilla_13.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/images\/e\/eb\/podz_filezilla_13.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"331\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\ucc38\uc870 :\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Changing_File_Permissions\">Changing File Permissions \u00ab WordPress Codex<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\ucc38\uc870 : https:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Changing_File_Permissions On computer filesystems, different files and directories have\u00a0permissions\u00a0that specify who and what can read, write, modify and access them. This is important <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.auctionpro.co.kr\/?p=2821\" title=\"Changing File Permissions \u00ab WordPress Codex\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-worldpress-"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Changing File Permissions \u00ab WordPress Codex - AuctionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.auctionpro.co.kr\/?p=2821\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Changing File Permissions \u00ab WordPress Codex - AuctionPro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\ucc38\uc870 : https:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Changing_File_Permissions On computer filesystems, different files and directories have\u00a0permissions\u00a0that specify who and what can read, write, modify and access them. 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